国家审计报告规范性研究

要进一步提高我国国家审计报告的质量，就必须加强审计报告的规范化建设。目前应当进一步做好报告总体格式和组成部分的规范化，明确引言段、被审计单位情况介绍段和实施审计有关情况说明段的撰写目的、具体组成内容和撰写要求，严格按有关规定提出定性、处理、处罚建议，注意纠正国家审计报告撰写中存在的各种问题。     

倾销幅度测算中的偏颇之处

倾销幅度测算是裁定倾销以及实施反倾销措施的依据和基础。然而,具体操作过程中存在的偏颇之处,使得调查结果总是倾向发现“倾销幅度”,从而裁定倾销存在。本文以倾销幅度测算过程中的不合理之处为分析对象,举例说明了在很多情况下,原本不存在的倾销行为,是如何在现行的规定下被测算出了“倾销幅度”。     

公共选择视角:论组织制度的宽放效应

在组织中,因利益、文化、能力等差异形成的不同利益群体,为博弈各自最大利益所实现的群体共同利益点是所有利益中最小共同点,它是组织为实现一定政治、经济利益目标所确定的最低约束标准和必须实施的强制性要求,是组织中最大范围内的最小认同.当组织为实现更高目标而将制度向某些群体行为倾斜时,不同利益需要群体将与组织倾斜制度不能在最大范围内实现最小认同,使得制度或成本极高或效率极低或极不公平,导致制度出现宽放效应.     

Stakeholder Returns of Islamic Banks Versus Conventional Banks

Sharia principle shaping the Islamic banking model is most determinant on collection and deployment of funds with its ban on interest. This study aims to look at the results of funded activities in isolation for a healthier comparison between Islamic and conventional deposit banks with respect to their financial stakeholders. The differences are reflected as lower asset returns and lower returns for depositors of Islamic banks. These differences sustain throughout normal and crisis periods. Our findings show that despite differences in asset structures and returns, Islamic banks retain similar returns for shareholders to position themselves close to and in competition with their conventional counterparts.     

贸易自由化是如何影响我国出口产品质量的？*--基于贸易政策不确定性下降的视角

传统理论认为贸易自由化会促进出口产品的质量升级,但我国加入W TO后的情况却并非如此。文章基于贸易政策不确定性的视角,利用我国加入W TO前后美国对我国产品进行关税调整这一自然实验,通过倍差法分析了贸易自由化对我国出口产品质量的影响。研究表明：（1）在贸易自由化的过程中,贸易政策不确定性的下降会拉低我国的出口产品质量,且这一结论在改变质量测度方法、控制成本效应以及使用不同的产品属性、贸易对象和样本的情况下依然稳健;（2）贸易政策不确定性主要是通过广延边际上的质量调整降低了我国出口产品的总体质量,即在贸易政策不确定性下降幅度越大的产品中,有越多的生产低质量产品的企业进入出口市场;（3）在集约边际上,存续企业并未针对贸易政策不确定性的下降做出及时的产品质量调整,从而无法改变我国的产品质量在短期内下降的趋势。文章为我国如何在推行贸易自由化的同时实现出口产品质量升级提供了启示。     

房价上涨挤压了我国企业的出口能量吗？

房价过快上涨会对整个社会经济带来全方位的影响。学术界和政府决策者虽然都已经认识到了房价上涨对生产性投资、企业创新、企业家行为和企业融资的影响,但对房价上涨与企业出口之间的内在关联却没有加以足够重视。那么,房价上涨与企业出口表现之间的关系又如何呢？文章利用35个大中城市的出口企业数据,运用 Heckman两阶段模型估计房价上涨对企业出口表现的影响。结果发现：（1）房价上涨增加了企业出口数量,但不利于出口产品种类的增加、技术复杂度的提升以及出口市场的拓展,总体上降低了企业出口金额;（2）房价上涨对不同类型企业具有异质性影响,其对中小企业、民营企业和加工贸易企业的负面影响更为突出;（3）房价上涨影响企业出口的内在机制是,房价上涨通过影响企业用工成本、融资约束、研发投入和劳动力流动性挤压了企业的出口能量。文章为我们更加全面地认识房价上涨的社会影响提供了启示,也为政府应对当下的企业出口困境提供了借鉴。     

South African Exporters and the Global Crisis: Intensive Margin Shock,Extensive Margin Hangover

This paper examines how changes at the intensive (established exporters exporting existing products to established markets) and the extensive (new exporters, products or markets) margins contribute to South African export growth and how this was affected by the global financial crisis. We find that the intensive margin is the more important contributor to export growth, contributing more than three quarters of observed growth. The intensive margin contracted significantly during the global financial crisis of 2009 but bounced back to pre‐crisis levels quickly. However, the impacts on the extensive margin persisted after the crisis with lower levels of entry of firms, new products and new destinations. The short‐term impact of the crisis was mitigated by the concentration of South African exports among larger, more productive super‐exporters. However, the fall in entry of new firms, products and destinations as a result of the crisis may mean that this concentration persists, and, at least over the next few years, South Africa does not diversify and broaden its exports.     

Price formation in tourism industry branches

To examine the pricing behavior of suppliers of holiday goods and services, a margin approach, originally developed to explain price formation in service industries, has been applied to different sectors of the tourism industry, using Dutch data. The fundamental idea of the margin approach is that both cost and demand factors influence price formation. The specific market situation is supposed to determine the extent to which changes in cost factors can be passed on to consumers. Despite difficulties with the quality of data, the results can be characterized as promising.     

Cost/margin analysis: a third approach to menu pricing and design

The article presents a menu analysis methodology that is compared to menu engineering and the Miller matrix. Cost/margin analysis uses item food cost percentage and weighted dollar contribution margin to develop a sales mix that will both minimize the overall food cost percentage and optimize sales revenue and gross profit return. Previous methods of menu analysis have treated food cost percentage and dollar contribution margin in a mutually exclusive manner. This has resulted in biased interpretation of the data. Cost/margin analysis displays the food cost and contribution margin graphically and clearly identifies the menu items that are helping or hindering the revenue-cost-profit objectives. This information allows the menu to be designed to improve forecasting and cost control techniques.     

融资融券对股价波动的影响——基于标的证券确定和调整的视角

基于标的证券确定和调整视角,利用沪市首批参与融资融券业务的50只股票的相关数据,采用事件分析法,文章实证研究了融资融券对股价的波动影响。研究结论发现:融资融券具有平抑股价,稳定市场作用。最后文章给出了建议。